Staphylococcus aureus (AKA Golden Staph) is an important cause of illness in humans, ranging from minor self-limiting infections to life-threatening diseases that require complex treatments. Over the past 30 years, S. aureus strains that are resistant to multiple antibiotics have developed, known as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Some strains of MRSA circulate in the community, with MRSA ST93 currently the most important strain of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) in the Pacific region. Our research team has established that CA-MRSA ST93 is the primary cause of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) (bacterial infection of bones) in children in the highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG). A prospective observational study of osteomyelitis cases at Kundiawa Hospital, found that most cases of AHO occurred in children, and were caused by MRSA strains. Full genome sequencing of 87 S. aureus isolates from the highlands of PNG (Kundiawa and Goroka Hospitals) revealed that 82% of AHO cases were caused by the ST93 clone. This study was the first to report evidence of the ST93 clone in PNG and demonstrated the establishment of ST93 into endemic circulation in the country. We have established a study to determine the clinical impact of MRSA-related AHO and skin and soft tissue infections in the PNG highlands and identify interventions to reduce the burden and impact of this infection. The study will establish the feasibility of point-of-care diagnosis of MRSA infections in this setting, and determine the persistence and transmission pathways of CA-MRSA in the PNG highlands.